Medicine & Health
Abdomen
Area between the chest and the hips that contains the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen.
Abdominoscopy
A type of surgery that uses a laparoscope, which is inserted into one or more small incisions, to examine the abdominal cavity.
Ablation
Elimination or removal.
Ablative therapy
Treatment that removes or destroys the function of an organ, as in surgical removal of the ovaries or the administration of some types of chemotherapy that causes the ovaries to stop functioning.
Absorption
The way substances pass into tissue as nutrients from food move from the small intestine into the cells of the body.
Acetylcholine
A chemical in the brain that acts as a neurotransmitter by sending nerve signals.
Adenoma
Benign growth starting in the glandular tissue.
Aerophagia
Condition that occurs when a person swallows too much air; causes gas and frequent belching.
Alternative medicine
Any form of therapy used alone, without recommended standard/conventional treatment.
Anesthesia
Loss of feeling or sensation as a result of drugs or gases. General anesthesia causes loss of consciousness; local or regional anesthesia causes loss of feeling only to a specified area.
Anesthetics
Drugs that cause loss of sensation to pain or awareness.
Antibiotic
Chemical substances, produced by living organisms or synthesized (created) in laboratories, for the purpose of killing other organisms that cause disease.
Antihypertensive
A medication, or other therapy, that lowers blood pressure.
Anus
Opening at the end of the digestive tract where bowel contents leave the body.
Aorta
Blood vessel that delivers oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle to the body; it is the largest blood vessel in the body.
Atrophy
A continuous decline of a body part or tissue, usually a muscle, following a period of disuse or immobility.
Balance
Biological system that enables individuals to know where their bodies are in the environment and to maintain a desired position; normal balance depends on information from the labyrinth in the inner ear, and from other senses such as sight and touch.
Basal body temperature
Temperature of a person's body taken first thing in the morning after several hours of sleep and before any activity, including getting out of bed or talking; often charted to determine the time of ovulation.
Blood plasma
The fluid part of blood that contains nutrients, glucose, proteins, minerals, enzymes, and other substances.
Bone
Living tissue that makes up the body's skeleton.
Brain scan
An imaging method used to find abnormalities in the brain, including brain cancer and cancer that has spread to the brain from other places in the body.
Cancer
Abnormal cells that divide without control, which can invade nearby tissues or spread through the bloodstream and lymphatic system to other parts of the body.
Capsule
The layer of cells around an organ, such as the capsule of the prostate.
Cerebral embolism
A blood clot from one part of the body that is carried by the bloodstream to the brain where it blocks an artery.
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